Leukemia
Radiation exposure
Benzene and toluene
Cytotoxic agents
for chemotherapy (alkylating agents)
Hereditary syndromes (Bloom
syndrome , Fanconi
Anemia , Down
syndrome)
HTLV-1 (Human T-cell Leukemia Lymphoma Virus)--common in Japan and Caribbean;
rare in US
Acute myelogenous leukemia
Cigarette smoking
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Age--more prevalent in middle age and older patients
Polycythemia Vera
None known
Myelofibrosis
None known; triggered by a disturbance of the immune system
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Aplastic anemia--35-60% will develop MDS
Ionizing
radiation --x-rays
and gamma rays, atomic radiation; therapeutic radiation
Exposure to benzene, certain alkylating agents in chemotherapy regimens,
and a few other chemicals and drugs
Certain chromosomal abnormalities
Down syndrome
Fanconi anemia
Neurofibromatosis (Von
Recklinghausen disease)
Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
None known
Essential Thrombocythemia
None known
