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Biological therapies may also cause side effects as the other
cancer therapies discussed in the previous learning units.
What side effects and how severe these side effects are depend
on each individual patient and their treatment plan. The following
are some common side effects caused by biological therapy
drugs.
When a biological therapy drug is given intravenously, the
injection site can become red and sore. Serious phlebitis
(vein inflammation) occasionally results.
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For most patients taking interferon,
flu-like symptoms may develop: fever, chills, gastrointestinal
upset, and body aches. The chills usually begin between
two and six hours after drug
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administration and are marked by teeth
chattering, shivers, and a pale complexion. The shivers
cause the body temperature to rise, along with the pulse
rate and the blood pressure.
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Fatigue is a very common side effect of biological therapy.
For some patients, the feeling of tiredness may go away after
the treatment has stopped; for some patients, however, the
fatigue can become chronic.
Some people may show allergic reactions to some drugs, including
cough, wheezing, and skin rash. In extreme cases, fatal allergic
reaction may occur.
Due to the side effects of some drugs, many patients may
experience confusion, disorientation, and depression. They
may have trouble concentrating, performing simple calculations,
or remembering things. These difficulties may interfere with
their normal daily activities and ability to work. These side
effects can be so severe that drug administration may be interrupted
or the drug dose may have to be reduced.
Successful management of the side effects caused by biological
therapies can be achieved by experienced oncologist with the
cooperation of a well-informed patient. Close monitoring and
prompt treatment are important components of coping with the
side effects.
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