| Abbreviation | Term(s) |
| Radiation | RAD |
| Radiation absorbed dose | RAD |
| Radiation therapy | RT |
| Radical | RAD |
| Radioactive iodine (I 131) uptake | RAIU |
| Radioencephalogram | REG |
| Radioimmunoassay | RIA |
| Radium | RA |
| Range of motion | ROM |
| Rectovaginal | R-V |
| Red blood cells | RBC |
| Reed-Sternberg cells | R-S CELLS |
| Registered nurse | RN |
| Resection | RESEC |
| Respiration | R |
| Respiratory | RESPIR |
| Reticuloendothelial system | RES |
| Reticulum cell sarcoma | RCS |
| Review of systems | ROS |
| Review of outside slides | ROS |
| Review of outside films | ROF |
| Rhesus (monkey) factor in blood | RH |
| Ribonucleic acid | RNA |
| Right | RT |
| Right costal margin | RCM |
| Right eye (oculus dexter) | OD |
| Right iliac fossa | RIF |
| Right inner quadrant (abdomen) | RIQ |
| Right lower extremity | RLE |
| Right lower lobe (lung) | RLL |
| Right lower quadrant | RLQ |
| Right middle lobe (lung) | RML |
| Right outer quadrant (abdomen) | ROQ |
| Right salpingo-oophorectomy | RSO |
| Right upper extremity | RUE |
| Right upper extremity | RUE |
| Right upper lobe | RUL |
| Roentgen | R |
| Rule out | RO, R/O |