| Abbreviation | Term(s) |
| R | Roentgen |
| R | Respiration |
| R | Right |
| RA | Radium |
| RAD | Radiation |
| RAD | Radiation Absorbed Dose |
| RAD | Radical |
| RAIU | Radioactive iodine (I 131) uptake |
| RBC | Red blood cells |
| RCM | Right Costal Margin |
| RCS | Reticulum cell sarcoma |
| REG | Radioencephalogram |
| RES | Reticuloendothelial system |
| RESEC | Resection |
| RESPIR | Respiratory |
| RH | Rhesus (monkey) factor in blood |
| RIA | Radioimmunoassay |
| RIF | Right iliac fossa |
| RIQ | Right inner quadrant (abdomen) |
| RLE | Right lower extremity |
| RLL | Right lower lobe (lung) |
| RLQ | Right inner quadrant (abdomen) |
| RML | Right middle lobe (lung) |
| RN | Registered nurse |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| RO, R/O | Rule out |
| ROF | Review of outside films |
| ROM | Range of motion |
| ROS | Review of outside slides |
| ROS | Review of systems |
| ROQ | Right outer quadrant (abdomen) |
| RSO | Right salpingo-oophorectomy |
| R-S cells | Reed-Sternberg cells |
| RT | Radiation therapy |
| RT | Right |
| RUE | Right upper extremity |
| RUL | Right upper lobe |
| RUQ | Right upper quadrant |
| R-V | Rectovaginal |
| RX | Treatment |